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Evaluation of arterial stiffness

Measure arterial stiffness

Arterial stiffness is a term that describes the loss of elasticity in the arteries, which is often observed in cases of arteriosclerosis.

The arteries become less supple and more rigid, making them less able to accommodate variations in blood flow. This loss of elasticity increases the pressure in the arteries, as the heart has to pump with greater force to circulate the blood through stiff arteries.

Arterial stiffness is a major risk factor in the development of serious cardiovascular events, such as strokes and heart attacks.

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FAQ Assessment of arterial stiffness

How is arterial stiffness measured and assessed?

Arterial stiffness can be assessed by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is a measure of the speed at which a pulse wave propagates along the arteries. Higher velocity indicates more arterial stiffness.

What mechanisms lead to the hardening of arterial walls?

- Plaque buildup: Arteriosclerosis is often caused by the buildup of fatty plaques (atheroma) on the artery walls. These plaques can contain cholesterol, lipids, and other inflammatory cells, which cause inflammation and fibrosis (scar tissue formation).

- Fibrosis and calcification: Atheroma plaques cause fibrosis and calcification of the artery walls. Fibrosis makes the arteries less elastic, while calcification (calcium deposits) further hardens the arteries.

- Loss of elasticity: Due to these changes, the arteries lose their ability to dilate in response to increased blood flow. This loss of elasticity increases the pressure in the arteries because the heart must pump more forcefully to move blood through stiff arteries.

What are the consequences of arteriosclerosis?

- Increased blood pressure: A stiff artery cannot expand to accommodate pressure spikes, which can lead to increased blood pressure.

- Cardiac stress: Arterial stiffness increases the workload of the heart, as it must generate more pressure to push blood through stiff arteries. This can contribute to heart conditions such as heart failure.

- Increased risk of stroke: Arterial stiffness is a significant risk factor for serious cardiovascular events, such as strokes and heart attacks.